The arc is stable and reaches temperatures as high as 33,000c. The torch produces a highvelocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas plasma that cuts by melting and displacing material from the workpiece. The term plasma, as employed in physics, means ionized particles. Nontraditional and hybrid machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy book is a good reference for both nontraditional and hybrid machining processes. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Explain the process and mechanism in plasma arc machining 18. This channel is formed by faculty from bit to enhance the knowledge of students towards technical and fundamentals plasma arc machining is used for variety of industrial application.
A plasma is an ionized very hot gas composed of nearly the same numbers of electrons and ions. Tech cadcam 2,3assistant professor 1,2department of mechanical engineering 3department of mechatronics engineering 1,2,3u v patel college of engineering, ganpat university, mehsana, gujarat, india. The plasma arc process has always been seen as an alternative to the oxyfuel process. Ultrasonic machining is a mechanical type nontraditional machining process. Advanced machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the. Mar 31, 2017 it is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with thickness 4 mm, which. Jun 10, 2017 electrochemical machining ecm is performed by reversing the process of electroplating, ecm utilizes the principle of electrolysis for metal removal. Chemical machining working principle, application, advantages. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for metal removal during the machining process. The workpiece and instrument are submerged in two electrodes read more. Advanced manufacturing processes amps plasma beam machining.
Plasma arc machining free download as powerpoint presentation. When this high velocity electron strikes the workpiece, it melts and vaporizes the material from the workpiece. May 12, 2017 electrochemical machining ecm is a machining process in which electrochemical process is used to remove materials from the workpiece. Effect of constricting electric arc in plasma device. The plasma arc machining process is used for cutting alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium, and aluminum, etc. Plasma arc machining machine tool technology britannica. These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. This machining process is especially ideal for cutting materials that cannot be cut. Laser beam machining is a thermal process having different advantages such as it can machine any material irrespective of its electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties. Laser beam machining lbm is a thermal energy based advanced machining process in which the material is removed by i melting, ii vaporization, and iii chemical degradation chemical bonds are broken which causes the materials to degrade. It creates and protects the cutting environment which among other things affects the edge quality. This course on advanced machining processes is also known as. Parts, working principle, advantages, application and more. In this unit you will be introduced to plasma arc cutting and the safety precautions required when using plasma arc cutting equipment.
Analyze and simulate various industrial problems in advanced machining processes using ebm and lbm 16. Manufacturing processes i nptel online videos, courses. It includes detailed information to gain insight into the manufacturing processes. Plasma arc cutting process and applications for pipefitting. In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy. Pam is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. Pdf experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting. Process of fabrication of miniature structures features of. Unconventional machining processes introduction and. Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasmaarc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean. Plasma arc machining pam kcg college of technology.
Similar case happens when ice particles are introduced as in ice jet machining. Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. Electrochemical machining ecm is a machining process in which electrochemical process is used to remove materials from the workpiece. It is mostly used for the metals that cannot be cut by an oxyacetylene torch. Various type of plasma arc cutting in this process gases are heated and charged to plasma state.
Advanced machining processes video course mechanical. In order to meet these challenges, a number of newer material. It surrounds the arc and is used to help constrict the arc and cool torch. Water jet machining water jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process. However, due to it uses heat energy for melting, vaporization and some time ablation of workpiece material, it produces some adverse effects on the machined products. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Modern machining processes presents unconventional machining methods which are gradually commercial acceptance. Processes likeabrasive jet machining water jet machininglaser beam machininghot machiningplasma arc machininghave also been included. Plasma arc machining is a metal removal process in which the metal is removed by focusing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 11,000c to 30,000c ionized gas on the workpiece. In unconventional machining, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from a given workpiece.
The process of metal removal by electro chemical dissolution was known as long back as 1780 ad but it is only over the last couple of decades that this method has been used to advantage. Other articles where plasma arc machining is discussed. Pdf me6004 unconventional machining processes ump books. In the electron beam machining process, a high velocity focused beam of electrons are used to remove the metal from the workpiece. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and. It is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Arc is generated between electrode to workpiece transferred arc, also known as plasma arc figure 1 b pam arc generated within the device torch and only the ionised gas is emitted nontranferred arc, also known as plasma jet figure 1 a pjm. Plasma arc machiningbasic terms and working youtube. Here is a very brief account of the physics of paw with an eye to the needs of a welder.
The introduction of abrasives to the fluid jet enhances the machining efficiency and is known as abrasive water jet machining. Module 2 thermal processes unit 1 introduction to thermal processes and safety unit 2 introduction to oxyacetylene welding unit 3. The metal shieldedgas welding is limited to the metal inertgas welding process. The machining medium is solid grains suspended in an abrasive slurry in the former,while a fluid is employed in the wjm process. Plasma is defined as a gas that has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become partially ionized and therefore electrically conductive. Fundamentals of arc welding processes, physics of arc, arc forces, arc blow, selection of power sources for different arc welding processes, principles of weld joint design, welding symbols, metallurgical aspects in welding of steel, heat flow in welding and its effect on the performance of weld. During this machining process, a small portion of metals is also eroded away, leaving a small cater. It is also known as contactless electrochemical forming process. Conventional and non conventional machining processes. Basically, plasma arc machining pam is a metal cutting process where metals are cut with plasma arc, tungsteninertgas arc or a torch.
To learn about various unconventional machining processes, the various process parameters and their influence on performance and their applications. The basic arrangement for a plasma arc cutting torch, similar to the plasma arc welding torch, is shown in figure 1071. The plasma arc cutting process is illustrated in fig. In the process, workpiece is taken as anode and tool is taken as cathode.
May 12, 2017 plasma arc machiningbasic terms and working. Introduction plasmaarc machining pam employs a high velocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations. All aspects of mechanical, electrochemical and thermal processes are comprehensively covered. Mar 24, 2020 this is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards the weld area. It is employed to machine hard and brittle materials both electrically conductive and non conductive material having hardness usually greater than 40 hrc. Electrochemical machining ecm plasma arc machining pam ultrasonic machining usm abrasive jet machining ajm laser beam machining lbm chemical machining process. Understand the applications of plasma machining and chemical machining. Electrochemical machining ecm is a nontraditional machining process uses the principle of faraday to remove metal from the workpiece. Plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Pdf nontraditional manufacturing processes by gary f. Download link is provided and students can download the anna university me6004 unconventional machining processes ump syllabus question bank lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers part b 16 marks question bank with answer, all the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and score good maximum marks with our study materials.
Laser beam machining lbm is an excellent material processing technique to machine a wide range of advanced materials, especially difficulttomachine advanced ceramics and composites. Electrochemical machining ecm is an electronic device used to separate components from the workpiece. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Working principle of pam in the plasma arc machining process, the material is removed by directing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 1c to 28,000c ionized gas on the workpiece. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. The workpiece is used as anode and the device as a cathode. Apr 21, 2015 introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Ebm as well as lbm are such thermal beam processes. In this part of the series the process fundamentals are described with emphasis being placed on the operating features and the advantages of the many process variants. Electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining.
An unconventional machining process or nontraditional machining process is a special type of machining process in which there is no direct contact between the tool and the workpiece. Plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. Mar 11, 2016 in electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited. Principles equipment types beam control techniques. A few are oxyacetylene flame, welding arc, plasma flame etc. In thesis work literature has been studied in context to parametric optimization of plasma arc cutting machine. In unconventional machining, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from a. Electron beam machining ebm diagram, working, advantages. Building of machines, structures, or process equipment by cutting, shaping and assembling components made from raw materials. Electrolysis is based on faraday laws of electrolysis which is stated as. In this ebook you will find covering the both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining.
Apr 08, 2017 electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. The plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Early plasma cutters were large, slow, and expensive. A highvelocity jet flow of hot ionized gas melts the metal and then removes the molten material to form a kerf. Typical materials cut with a plasma torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other conductive metals may be cut as well. Plasma state is the superheated and electrically ionized gases at approximately 5000c these gases are directed on the workpiece in the form of high. The shield is the secondary gas in the plasma process. Plasma arc machining plasma is defined as the gas, which has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become ionized. The process was first developed in 1950s and was originally used for finishing edm surfaces. Download nontraditional manufacturing processes by gary f.
Advanced machining processes video course course outline there is a need for machine tools and processes which can accurately and easily machine the most difficulttomachine materials and workpieces with intricate and accurate shapes. Edm machining process is also known as spark erosion machining. Apply unconventional machining process in various industrial applications. Electrical discharge machining edm is a wellknown machining. Sep, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Consequently, common applications for pac consisted of repeating cutting patterns in a massproduction mode. Lbm can be used to process these materials with intricate shapes and. Plasma beam machining pbm plasma beam devices are of 2 types. Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and to produce intricate shape increases its demand in market. This includes, physics of electric arc plasma, engineering the arc plasma for welding, metal transfer and mass.
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